Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign growths that develop inside or around the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 2 to 8 out of 10 women of reproductive age will develop at least one fibroid by the age of 50. However, most women experience no symptoms and may never know they have fibroids, often leading to a delayed diagnosis.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

The exact cause of fibroids remains unknown, but certain risk factors are believed to play a role:

• Genetics– Women with first-degree relatives who have fibroids are at a higher risk.
• Age– More common in women of reproductive age.
• Body Weight– A high BMI and high consumption of red meat may contribute to fibroid development.
• Hormonal Imbalance– High estrogen levels promote fibroid growth, while menopause, which lowers estrogen, often causes fibroids to shrink.
• Ethnicity– Studies show that African-American women are up to three times more likely to develop fibroids than other populations.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some women may be asymptomatic, while others may experience:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding & painful periods
• Pelvic pressure or bloating
• Frequent urination
• Bowel irregularities
• Infertility or recurrent miscarriages
• Pain during sexual intercourse

Types of Uterine Fibroids

The location and type of fibroid determine the severity of symptoms and the best treatment approach.

1. Intramural Fibroids

• The most common type.
• Develop within the muscular wall of the uterus.
• If they grow larger than 2-3 cm, they may cause pain and heavy bleeding.

2. Subserosal Fibroids

• Develop on the outer surface of the uterus.
• Can grow very large (over 5-6 cm) and press on nearby organs (bowels & bladder), causing discomfort.

3. Submucosal Fibroids

• Develop inside the uterine cavity and come into contact with the endometrium.
• Often cause intense bleeding and may lead to infertility, as they interfere with embryo implantation.

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are typically diagnosed through:

• 2D or 3D Gynecological Ultrasound
• Hydrosonography (Aqua Scan)– A more detailed scan for fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
• Pelvic MRI– Recommended for multiple or large fibroids to assess their location and malignancy risk.
• Laparoscopy– In cases where further visual assessment or surgical planning is needed.

Treatment of Uterine Fibroids

The choice of treatment depends on:

• Fibroid size and location
• Severity of symptoms
• Desire to maintain fertility

1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment

• Regular monitoring– For fibroids that do not require immediate intervention.
• Medication– To manage symptoms, slow fibroid growth, or shrink them.

2. Surgical Treatment

Myomectomy (Fibroid Removal) – Preserves fertility; performed using:

• Robotic/Laparoscopic surgery(minimally invasive)
• Hysteroscopic surgery(for submucosal fibroids)
• Open surgery(for large or multiple fibroids)
• Hysterectomy – Complete removal of the uterus in severe cases.

The choice of surgery is highly individualized to ensure the best outcome for each patient.

Expert Fibroid Management at Thely Clinic

The specialist gynecologists at Thely Clinic are internationally trained in the modern management of fibroids at leading centers in the United Kingdom. We offer advanced diagnosis, personalized treatment, and expert care to ensure optimal gynecological health.