Unexplained Infertility

Unexplained infertility is a diagnosis given to couples who have been unable to conceive for 12 months or more despite undergoing comprehensive medical evaluations, without identifying a clear cause of infertility. Despite extensive testing, doctors are unable to pinpoint a specific reason why a couple is struggling to achieve pregnancy.

When a couple is diagnosed with unexplained infertility, it means that there are no apparent issues with ovulation, sperm count or quality, fallopian tubes, or other common reproductive factors. Both partners’ reproductive organs appear normal, and hormone levels do not show any detectable abnormalities.

This condition can be frustrating for couples because they do not receive a clear explanation for their fertility challenges. However, it is important to note that the absence of an identified cause does not mean that no underlying issues exist—it simply means that current medical knowledge and available tests may not be sensitive enough to detect certain subtle issues.

What Does the Evaluation for Unexplained Infertility Include?

For Women:

• Hormonal testing to assess ovarian function
• Ultrasound scans to check for uterine and fallopian tube abnormalities
• Evaluation for conditions such as Endometriosis & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

For Men:

• Semen analysis to assess sperm count, motility, morphology, and oxidative stress levels
• Hormonal evaluation to rule out imbalances
• Tests for infections that may impact sperm quality

Treatment Options for Unexplained Infertility

In cases of unexplained infertility, treatment may involve:

• Intrauterine Insemination (IUI):Some cases may involve difficulty with sperm transport through the cervix during intercourse. IUI directly places high-quality sperm into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization.
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):IVF is often recommended if IUI is unsuccessful. It involves retrieving eggs, fertilizing them in a laboratory, and transferring the embryos into the uterus.
• Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI):In cases where maternal age is advanced or sperm issues are suspected despite a normal semen analysis, ICSI may be advised. This technique involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization.

Lifestyle Modifications for Unexplained Infertility

Although medical intervention is often necessary, lifestyle changes can play an essential role in improving fertility outcomes:

• Maintaining a healthy weight – Being overweight or underweight can disrupt hormone levels and ovulation.
• Managing stress – High stress levels may negatively impact reproductive hormones.
• Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption – These can reduce sperm and egg quality.
• Adopting a balanced diet – A nutrient-rich diet, including antioxidants, may enhance fertility.

Despite the lack of a clear diagnosis, many couples with unexplained infertility successfully conceive with the appropriate medical interventions and lifestyle adjustments.