Semen Analysis (Spermiogram)

A semen analysis, also known as a spermiogram, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the quantity and quality of a man's sperm. It is a critical assessment for male fertility and provides valuable insights into a man's reproductive health. The test is often one of the first steps when a couple faces difficulties conceiving.

Key Parameters of a Semen Analysis

1. Sperm Count (Concentration):

1. • Measures the number of sperm present in a given volume of semen.
   • A normal sperm concentration is at least 15 million sperm per milliliter (ml) of semen.
   • The total sperm count in an ejaculate should be at least 40 million per ml.

2. Sperm Motility (Movement):

1. • Assesses the ability of sperm to move forward effectively.
   • Motility is evaluated as the percentage of sperm actively moving.
   • Higher motility increases the chances of reaching and fertilizing an egg.

3. Sperm Morphology (Shape & Structure):

1. • Evaluates the shape and structure of sperm cells.
   • The percentage of normally shaped sperm is important for successful fertilization.

4. Semen Volume:

1. • Measures the total amount of semen produced during ejaculation.
   • A normal semen volume ranges between 1.5 to 5 ml.

5. pH Levels:

1. • Determines the acidity or alkalinity of the semen.
   • Abnormal pH levels may indicate potential fertility issues.

6. White Blood Cells (WBC):

1. • The presence of WBC in semen may suggest an infection or inflammation in the reproductive system.

How is a Semen Analysis Conducted?

• A semen sample is collected through masturbation into a sterile container.
• It is essential to follow the lab’s instructions, including abstaining from sexual activity for 3 to 5 days before the test to ensure an accurate result.
• The sample is analyzed in a fertility lab, and results are typically available within a few days.

What if the Results Are Abnormal?

• Abnormal findings in semen analysis may suggest fertility problems.
• However, one abnormal result does not necessarily mean infertility, as sperm parameters can vary over time.
• If abnormalities are detected, further evaluation by a fertility specialist may be recommended.

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Sperm Quality

• Diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medications can impact sperm quality.
• Lifestyle modifications may improve sperm parameters and increase the chances of conception.

If a couple is struggling with conception, a semen analysis is a crucial first step in identifying potential male fertility issues.