Ovarian Cysts

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or within the ovary. Most ovarian cysts appear and disappear within a few months without causing symptoms or requiring treatment. They are a common finding during routine ultrasound scans as part of an annual gynecological check-up.

However, a cyst may cause symptoms if it ruptures, grows larger, or twists around its blood supply (ovarian torsion), potentially leading to damage to the ovary.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

• Pelvic pain, ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain that starts suddenly
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Bowel or urinary disturbances
• Irregular periods(heavy, irregular, or lighter than usual)
• Abdominal bloating
• Infertility (less common)

If you experience sudden and severe abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by nausea and vomiting, seek urgent medical attention.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

1. Functional Ovarian Cysts

• Formas part of the normal menstrual cycle due to failed ovulation.
• The mostcommon type, usually harmless and asymptomatic.
• Typicallyresolve on their own without treatment.

Hemorrhagic cysts – Occur when a small bleeding episode happens inside a follicular cyst after ovulation.

2. Non-Functional (Pathological) Ovarian Cysts

• Result fromabnormal ovarian cell growth and require further investigation.
• Diagnosed viatransvaginal ultrasound, MRI, and blood tests to assess the risk of malignancy.
• Oftenrequire surgical removal (usually laparoscopic surgery).
• Endometriotic cysts(caused by Endometriosis) can also develop in the ovaries.

Treatment of Ovarian Cysts

The decision to remove an ovarian cyst depends on:

• Its size and appearance
• Presence of symptoms
• Menopausal status

Most cysts disappear within a few months and are monitored with follow-up ultrasounds.
Postmenopausal women have a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer, so regular scans and blood tests are recommended.

Ovarian Cysts & Fertility

• Most ovarian cystsdo not affect fertility.
• In rare cases, large or multiple cysts may makeconception more difficult.
• Surgical removalis sometimes necessary, and fertility-preserving techniques are prioritized (removing only the cyst, not the ovary).

In cases where malignancy is suspected, removal of the entire ovary may be required, usually in postmenopausal women who have completed their family planning.

It is important to discuss fertility preservation options with your gynecologist before undergoing surgery.

Expert Ovarian Cyst Care at Thely Clinic

At Thely Clinic, our gynecologists are highly experienced in the modern diagnosis and personalized treatment of ovarian cysts. Our team has specialized training in internationally recognized centers in the UK, ensuring advanced and individualized care.